//: c01:SingletonPattern.java
// The Singleton design pattern: you can
// never instantiate more than one.

// Since this isn't inherited from a Cloneable
// base class and cloneability isn't added,
// making it final prevents cloneability from
// being added through inheritance:
final class Singleton {
  private static Singleton s = new Singleton(47);
  private int i;
  private Singleton(int x) { i = x; }
  public static Singleton getReference() { 
    return s; 
  }
  public int getValue() { return i; }
  public void setValue(int x) { i = x; }
}

public class SingletonPattern {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Singleton s = Singleton.getReference();
    System.out.println(s.getValue());
    Singleton s2 = Singleton.getReference();
    s2.setValue(9);
    System.out.println(s.getValue());
    try {
      // Can't do this: compile-time error.
      // Singleton s3 = (Singleton)s2.clone();
    } catch(Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace(System.err);
    }
  }
} ///:~